Skip Navigation

University Bulletin: Graduate Programs The George Washington University  

 
   
 

EDUCATIONAL LEADERSHIP

Professors I.C. Rotberg (Research), M.H. Futrell, W.K. Cummings, E. El-Khawas, R. Whitaker, N.B. Paley, M.J. Feuer

Associate Professors C.B. Stapp, J. Gomez, Y. Nakib, R.A. Chernak, M.D. Corry, M. Kim, J.H. Williams, L. Lemasters, R.R. Watkins, N.B. Milman, S.A. Dannels (Chair), S. Ehrmann

Assistant Professors J. Choi, T. Wright, S. Swayze, R.C. Jakeman, A.A. Tekleselassie, P. Ehrensal, L.C. Howard, L.C. Engel, J.E. Johnson, J.K. Clayton, R.A. Thessin, K.A. Sherrill, B.A. Weiss, L. Garces, L. Malcom-Piqueux

Lecturers L. Lent, A.J. Collins

See the Graduate School of Education and Human Development for programs of study leading to the degrees of Master of Arts in Education and Human Development, Master of Education, Master of Arts in Teaching, Education Specialist, and Doctor of Education.

6100 Special Topics (arr.)

Staff

 
 

Topic to be announced in the Schedule of Classes. May be repeated for credit provided the topic differs.

 
6101 Research and Independent Study (1 to 3)

Staff

 
 

Individual research under guidance of a staff member. Program and conferences arranged with an instructor. (Academic year)

 
6114 Introduction to Quantitative Research (3)

Staff

 
 

Development of a conceptual understanding of research design and quantitative analysis options for the consumer of research. Appropriate use of vocabulary and interpretation of research findings. Critique of research articles and/or development of a small-scale proposal. (Fall, spring, and summer)

 
6116 Introduction to Educational Statistics (3)

Dannels, Choi, Swayze, Weiss

 
 

Fundamentals of descriptive statistics and hypothesis testing; introduction to inferential statistics and research design, distinguishing between nonexperimental, quasi-experimental, and true experimental designs. Designed for those with little preparation in quantitative methods or who are not prepared for Educ 8120.

 
6232 Supervision and Evaluation of Instruction (3)

Clayton

 
 

The roles and functions of educational leaders in the areas of curriculum, staff development, instructional supervision, and evaluation of personnel. Theory and practice to increase teacher effectiveness and improve student learning through supervisory strategies.

 
6234 Site-Based Leadership: K-12 (3)

Tekleselassie

 
 

A general introduction to the principalship. Stresses leadership theory, roles, and management tasks in instruction, curriculum, budget, staff development, supervision, interagency services, student learning, and policy considerations. Site-based management and communication within a changing and diverse school environment.

 
6236 School Law and Policy (3)

Ehrensal, Sherrill

 
 

The legal basis of education and public schools in the United States. Constitutional provisions and federal statutes that guide school law. Legal factors that influence school policy. Consideration of practical school situations for legal implications, development of skills to research legal issues affecting schools, and preventive law measures.

 
6240 Fundamentals of Educational Leadership and the Change Process (3)

Thessin

 
 

Current leadership theory and systems behavior in the context of administrative practice in educational settings. Key elements of leadership and management. The impact of context, culture, power, politics, change, communications, and organizational learning on administration.

 
6242 Administrative Issues in Education (3)

Ehrensal and Staff

 
 

The impact of major social, political, economic, and education issues on the role of school leaders and the delivery and quality of programs and services.

 
6244 School-Community Relations (3)

Staff

 
 

The purpose, scope, essential elements, and impact of a successful school-community relations program. Community power structures, the roles of policy and leadership, communication techniques for interacting with various audiences and the media, evaluation of public relations and marketing for educational institutions.

 
6246

Seminar: Applied Educational Administration (3 to 6)

Lemasters

 
 

Application of the theories and principles of administration to public and private schools. Field experience in a phase of administration and supervision. Admission by permission of instructor.

 
6252 Human Relations Diversity (3)

Staff

 
 

Application of current theory and research findings in human relations to staff motivation, change, conflict management, and communication techniques for working with individuals and groups within organizations.

 
6254 Supervision in the Elementary and Secondary School (3)

Staff

 
 

For experienced teachers and administrators. Legal and policy basis for personnel evaluation and supervisory practices. Review of modern supervisory concepts, including practices in schools. Prerequisite: Educ 6232.

 
6256 School Business Management (3)

Staff

 
 

Management and control of the business functions of school districts. Assessing, planning, developing, and presenting educational budgets; the legal contexts affecting school business management. Risk management and school-site budgeting.

 
6258 School Finance (3)

Staff

 
 

The financing of public elementary and secondary education in the United States; current revenue sources, distribution decisions, and trends in the fiscal operations of schools. Litigation, finance policies, and equitable investments of public monies.

 
6260 Practicum in Supervision (3 to 6)

Staff

 
 

Practical experience in supervision of instruction. Admission by permission of instructor. (Fall and spring)

 
6262 Internship in Supervision and Instructional Leadership (3 to 6)

Staff

 
 

Service in a school situation directed by the University's faculty and school systems; integration of theory and practice.

 
6264 Problems and Practices in Educational Administrative Organization (3 to 6)

Staff

 
 

Application of principles and practices concerned with change and evaluation of educational administration.

 
6287 Internship: Administration (3 to 6)

Staff

 
 

Service in an educational institution or education-related program directed by the University's faculty.

 
6314 History of American Education Reform (3)

Futrell and Staff

 
 

An examination of how evolving social, economic, and political forces have propelled and opposed American education reform efforts throughout history. (Fall)

 
6368 Leadership and Education (3)

El-Khawas, Lemasters

 
 

A general introduction to issues of leadership applicable to education settings and to key features of educational organization, including schools, school systems, colleges and universities, and advocacy organizations. Leadership as a process and set of skills. The interaction between leadership styles and organizational contexts.

 
6371 Education Policy (3)

Nakib, Futrell, and Staff

 
 

An introduction to the development, implementation, and evaluation of education policies at national, state, and local levels. (Fall and spring)

 
6381 Program Evaluation: Theory and Practice (3)

Staff

 
 

Introduction to the theory of social program evaluation, alternative evaluation models and methodologies, and the political and social contexts of evaluation.

 
6388 Analysis of Education Policy Issues (3)

Rotberg, Nakib

 
 

Covers a range of education policy options, assessing their advantages and disadvantages based on evidence, and drawing implications for policy formulation. A critical approach is applied to the assigned readings, questioning the sources of evidence, appropriateness of analysis, and validity of the findings. Prerequisite: Educ 6371, 6114, or permission of instructor. (Spring)

 
6392 Practicum in Educational Policy Program Evaluation (3 to 6)

Staff

 
 

Supervised practical experience in field placements. Admission by permission of instructor. Prerequisite: Educ 6381. (Fall, spring, and summer)

 
6401 Applying Educational Media and Technology (3)

Corry

 
 

Theory and practice of educational technology. Key characteristics of different media, principles of application, and issues concerning their appropriate use.

 
6402 Computers in Education and Human Development (3)

Corry

 
 

The research and practice surrounding the use of computers in educational and training settings. Students will acquire the practical knowledge necessary to the development and evaluation of computer-related curricula through projects and case studies.

 
6403 Educational Hardware Systems (3)

Milman

 
 

Design and implementation of educational hardware systems, including computers and computer networks.

 
6404 Managing Computer Applications (3)

Staff

 
 

For managers and prospective managers in education and human services who are concerned with the automation of their operations. Basic principles needed to design, implement, and manage an information system. Admission by permission of instructor. (Spring and summer)

 
6405 Developing Multimedia Materials (3)

Milman

 
 

The design, development, integration, and use of multimedia resources in education and training settings. Students examine and critique multimedia technologies, develop instructional materials, and create a unit or module that applies instructional design theory.

 
6406 Instructional Design (3)

Corry

 
 

Designing, implementing, and evaluating instructional strategies for learners. Assessing needs, writing objectives, selecting curriculum/content, selecting and implementing methods and techniques, selecting appropriate devices and evaluating instruction.

 
6407 Design and Implementation of Educational Software (3)

Corry

 
 

Theory and practice of creating educational software; psychological basis of using software in learning; instructional programs; authoring tools; artificial intelligence applications; interactive media. Students design and evaluate an educational program. Prerequisite: Educ 6401 or permission of instructor.

 
6421 Critical Issues in Distance Education (3)

Staff

 
 

Historical, conceptual, theoretical, and practical issues associated with distance education as a foundation for research and practice in the domain of distance education as well as adult learning, educational systems design, and school administration and policy.

 
6422

Instructional Needs Analysis (3)

Watkins

 

An introduction to the role of instructional needs analysis and assessment. The design and development of instruction. Key elements of the instructional design cycle, including data analysis.

6423

Technology and Disabilities (3)

Staff

 

Assistive technology as it impacts the lives of people with disabilities, including the performance of tasks related to employment, education, and activities of daily living.

6424

Learning Technologies and Organizations (3)

Staff

 

The role of learning technology in organizations, learning in the workplace, and knowledge management in corporations, schools, and universities.

6425

Developing Effective Training with Technology (3)

Staff

 

Development of skills in planning and producing effective technology-rich training that meets institutional and organizational needs.

6426

Computer Interface Design for Learning (3)

Corry

 

Human-computer interaction, both in general and with emphasis on issues in education. General design aspects; theories, principles, and guidelines related to human-computer interaction.

6427

Advanced Instructional Design (3)

Watkins

 

Development of a prototype instructional design project and documentation report requiring rapid design and development strategies.

6428

Developing Digital Professional Portfolios (3)

Milman

 

Students create a digital professional portfolio, using advanced skills in the design, development, integration, and use of multimedia resources.

6441

Internship in Educational Technology Leadership (3)

Staff

 

Students are assigned to a cooperating agency and work in consultation under the guidance of the course instructor. Admission by permission of instructor.

6442

Educational Technology Leadership Master's Project (1-6)

Staff

 

Students design, develop, implement, and evaluate an individual project. Admission by permission of instructor.

6510

Administration of Higher Education (3)

Staff

 

Government, organization, and administration of colleges and universities; duties of trustees and administrators.

6520

Foundations of College Student Development (3)

Staff

 

College student development theories, practices, and problems, including historical overview and human development theories related to college students.

6525

Managing College Student Services Programs (3)

Staff

 

An overview of student affairs administrative practices, including planning models, budgeting, policy development, program development, facility management, and team building. Admission by permission of instructor.

6540

Group and Organizational Theories (3)

Staff

 

Review of major organizational theories inside and outside higher education, including systems, institutional, cultural, cognitive, environmental, ecological, as well as power and influence.

6555

Higher Education Policy (3)

El-Khawas and Staff

 

Assessment of policies that impact higher education, including the relationship of K-12 policy to higher education. Policy networks and mechanisms of policymaking. Policy development and assessment.

6560

Legal Problems in Higher Education (3)

Staff

 

Investigation of legal problems in higher education related to the legal structure of higher education, religious concerns, students, faculty, and academic programs.

6565

Financing Higher Education (3)

Staff

 

Analysis of private, state, federal, and other revenue sources; strategic planning, program budgets, and financial methods and practices.

6570

Educational Planning (3)

Lemasters, Tekleselassie, and Staff

 

An examination of the planning movement in education: its historical development and the recent shift in premises, context, and expectations. Different approaches to the planning process; its role in research; and overview of main analytical techniques currently in use.

6572

Dynamics of Change (3)

Staff

 

An analysis of the process of change, particularly as it relates to educational policy. Comparison of theories; analytical tools; historical precedents; examples of federal education policies.

6575

Personnel Administration (3)

Staff

 

Human resource management: planning, recruitment, selection, placement and induction, staff development, rewards, and negotiations. Issues and legislation that influence personnel functions and policy; communication skills for human resource leadership.

6579

Managing Multicultural Environments (3)

Staff

 

Application of multicultural research in identifying key elements for managing diverse environments, communicating with families, planning professional development activities, and increasing student learning.

6585

Master's Internship in Higher Education Administration (3 to 6)

Staff

 

Supervised field experience in higher education settings. Admission by permission of instructor. (Fall, spring, and summer)

6601

International and Comparative Education (3)

Williams, Engel

 

Theoretical foundations of comparative and international education; systematic investigation of the structure and practices of selected representative school systems in different parts of the world. Emphasis on development of methodologies for comparative study.

6602

Regional Studies in International Education (3)

Cummings, Williams, Engel, and Staff

 

In-depth study of education in a selected region of the world. Structures and issues facing education systems in social, political, economic, cultural, and historical context. Prospects of education for human national development. May be repeated for credit provided the region differs.

6610

Programs and Policies in International Education (3)

Williams, Cummings, and Staff

 

Overview of policies and programmatic responses to issues in international education. Topics include education and development, international higher education and student services, and education and marginalized people. May be repeated for credit provided the topic differs.

6615

Internationalizing U.S. Schools (3)

Engel

 

The introduction and development of internationally oriented curricula, policy, and practices in U.S. schools. Key concepts of international education, including global citizenship and global competence, exploring their relationship to recent policy trends in U.S. and debates surrounding nationalism.

6620

Strategies and Analysis in International Education (3)

Williams, Cummings, and Staff

 

Strategies for improving education in international contexts. Topics include education and development, international higher education and student services, or education and marginalized people. May be repeated for credit provided the topic differs.

6630

International Experience (1 to 6)

Williams, Cummings, and Staff

 

Study and research in a foreign country as part of a group program. Admission by permission of the instructor.

6631

Internship: International Education (1 to 6)

Williams, Cummings, Engel

 

Service in an international education institution or related individually designed program planned to enable the student to connect theory to practice. Admission by permission of instructor. (Fall and spring)

6632

Research in International Education (3)

Cummings, Williams

 

Critical reading and practice in conducting research in international comparative education. May be repeated for credit.

6640

Selected Topics in International Education (3)

Williams, Cummings, Engel, and Staff

 

Current trends, themes, and issues in international education. May be repeated for credit provided the topic differs.

6650

Education and National Development (3)

Cummings

 

In terms of the basic assumption that education contributes to national development, the course examines the role education plays in the process of national development in advanced industrial societies and societies moving to industrialism.

6660

Capstone in International Education (3)

Williams, Cummings, and Staff

 

Review of core topics in international education and completion of major supervised project or paper. Taken near the end of the master's program in lieu of the Comprehensive Examination.

6701

Museum Education: History and Context (3)

Stapp

 

An overview of the museum as an environment for learning, considering the influence of institutional history and organizational structure on the museum's mission of serving the public. Admission by permission of instructor. (Summer)

6702

Communication Skills (3)

Lent

 

Theory of and practice in the development of communication skills in the museum. Educational concepts; teaching strategies and techniques; institutional liaison and group process. Admission by permission of instructor. (Summer)

6703

Museum Audiences (3)

Staff

 

A survey of the museum's diverse audience, emphasizing implications for effective programming, with attention to audience research. Preparation of a programming plan in cooperation with a museum. Admission by permission of instructor. (Fall)

6704

Supervised Experience in Education and Human Development Services (3 to 6)

Staff

 

Admission by permission of instructor. (Fall and spring)

6705

Museum Education: Theory and Practice (6)

Stapp

 

Supervised experience in education departments in area museums; students carry out projects in cooperation with the site. On-campus seminar includes presentations by leading practitioners. Admission by permission of instructor. (Spring)

6706

Museum Evaluation: Exhibition and Programs (3)

Stapp and Staff

 

Evaluation and research methods appropriate to the museum setting. Review of research on museum audiences; designing exhibition and program evaluations. Admission by permission of instructor. (Spring and summer)

6707

Proposal Writing (3)

Staff

 

The preparation of proposals for educational, business, and industrial applications, including those submitted for funding. Many styles and formats are illustrated. Students prepare a proposal in cooperation with an organization or agency. Admission by permission of instructor.

6709

Interpretation in the Historic House Museum (3)

Stapp

 

Seminar integrating advanced practices of museum education with current scholarship in architectural history, material culture, and social history. Extensive use of Washington museum resources. Admission by permission of instructor. Same as AmSt 6709. (Fall)

6710

Museums and Technology (3)

Staff

 

Applications of technology that link the public with the museum: Internet exhibitions, interactive computer programs, video conferencing, the electronic classroom. Guest lectures, field trips, and group projects. Same as MStd 6710.

6998-99

Thesis Research (3-3)

Staff

8100

Special Topics (arr.)

Staff

 

Topic to be announced in the Schedule of Classes. May be repeated for credit provided the topic differs.

8110

Advanced Study: Ideas, Issues, and Practices in Education (3)

Paley, Futrell, Shotel, Castleberry

 

For precandidates for the Ed.D. Alternative means of responding to the complexities of the educational process. Topics vary but concern education as an individual process and as sociocultural preservation and renewal. May be repeated for credit.

8120

Group Comparison Designs and Analyses (3)

Dannels, Choi, Swayze, Weiss

 

Designs and analyses to assess differences for more than two groups when compared on one dependent variable. Fixed, random, and mixed effects ANOVA and ANCOVA models and multiple comparison tests. Nonparametric tests. Prerequisite: Educ 6116 or equivalent.

8122

Qualitative Research Methods (3)

Dannels, Wright, Swayze, Howard

 

A general introduction to several major qualitative research traditions (e.g., biography, grounded theory, ethnography, phenomenology, and case study). Application of qualitative research design and procedures, including preliminary data collection, analysis, and writing.

8130

Survey Research Methods (3)

Dannels

 

Techniques used to collect an array of information from a large number of people through structured interviews and mailed, e-mailed, or web-based questionnaires. Defining the research question and design; sampling, survey development, data collection procedures, pretesting, and data handling. Prerequisite: Educ 8120, 8122.

8131

Case Study Research Methods (3)

Swayze

 

Techniques used to examine one or a few complex cases, collecting data from several types of sources and by several methods. The course covers design, data collection, and data analysis/integration. Prerequisite: Educ 8122.

8140

Ethnographic Research Methods (3)

Howard

 

Techniques used to examine systematically the contemporary daily life of a given group in its natural setting, focusing on culture-the recurring patterns of thought and social relations. Issues of research design and data collection and analysis. Prerequisite: Educ 8122.

8142

Phenomenological Research Methods (3)

Wright, Howard

 

Techniques used to elicit and recognize perceptions, interpretations, motives, expectations, and imaginations. The framing of appropriate research questions, data collection and analysis, and the statement of conclusions. Prerequisite: Educ 8122.

8144

Discourse Analysis (3)

Staff

 

Techniques used to examine verbal and nonverbal communication to understand identity, beliefs, intentions, relationships, and culture. The framing of appropriate research questions; data collection and analysis. Prerequisite: Educ 8122.

8170

Educational Measurement (3)

Choi

 

Classical and modern measurement theory, item response theory, and factor analysis. Educational and psychological instrument development and validation. Interpretation of scale scores and assessment of instrument adequacy. Prerequisite: Educ 8120.

8171

Predictive Designs and Analyses (3)

Weiss, Choi

 

Techniques used to assess how independent variables are related to one dependent variable. Simple regression, multiple linear regression, and logistic regression. Appropriate research questions, data interpretation, and design. Prerequisite: Educ 8120.

8172

Multivariate Analysis (3)

Choi

 

Techniques for assessment of relationships among multiple independent variables and dependent variables. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA), discriminant analysis, and exploratory factor analysis. Prerequisite: Educ 8171.

8173

Structural Equation Modeling (3)

Weiss

 

Multivariate techniques used for assessment of structural (causal) relations among latent (unobserved) variables with multiple observed indicators: observed and latent variable path analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. Latent means analysis and latent growth modeling. Prerequisite: Educ 8171.

8276

Seminar: Administration and Supervision (arr.)

Ehrensal

8280

Critical Review of Educational Leadership Literature (1 or 3)

Lemasters, Tekleselassie

 

The techniques, tools, and presentation of critical reviews and syntheses of educational literature used to inform forthcoming research. Systematic mapping of what is known and deriving research questions, conceptual frameworks, and applicable methods. Prerequisite: an approved dissertation topic or permission of instructor.

8320

The Politics of Education (3)

El-Khawas

 

Examination of the contextual factors (political, economic, and historical) and the nature of political decision making on education issues, primarily at the state and local level. Prerequisite: Educ 6371.

8321

Economics of Education (3)

Nakib

 

Economic analysis as it pertains to educational systems and their impact on economic growth. Economic aspects of the conduct and evaluation of policy. Economic principles and theories applied to education problems such as productivity and cost analyses. Prerequisite: Educ 6371 and 8120. (Spring)

8322

Education Policy Implementation (3)

Nakib

 

The evolution and implementation of education policies. Analysis of policy implementation at various levels and types of educational systems. Policy is analyzed as a process and as it interacts with organizational, social, economic, and political factors. The impediments of effective implementation. Prerequisite: Educ 6371.

8323

Policies of Education Equity (3)

Nakib

 

Analysis of the development, implementation, and evaluation of education equity policies, with consideration of their context, formulation, and application. Prerequisite: Educ 6371.

8325

Policy Design: Accountability in Education (3)

El-Khawas

 

Issues of policy design that underlie the push for greater accountability in education. Students review research articles and conceptual argument, discuss evidence on actual practice, and identify strengths and weaknesses of a range of policy tools. Prerequisite: Educ 6371.

8329

Seminar in Program Evaluation (3)

Staff

 

Contemporary problems and issues in evaluation of social programs: design, implementation, analysis, and utilization. Prerequisite: Educ 6381 and approval of instructor.

8334

Doctoral Internship in Educational Policy (3 to 6)

Staff

 

Supervised internship in education or human services settings for advanced doctoral students.

8340

Methods of Policy Analysis in Education (3)

Rotberg

 

Methods of analysis used in the study of educational policy issues. Case studies on a range of policy issues and trends, including testing and accountability, school finance, school choice, and the federal role. Prerequisite: Educ 6371, 6114, or permission of instructor.

8345

Advanced Studies in Educational Policy Analysis (3)

Staff

 

The process by which education policies are designed, adopted, and implemented by education systems. Case studies of specific policies, examining their assumptions and objectives, the criteria for assessing their effectiveness, and their governance at federal, state, and local levels. Prerequisite: Educ 6371, 8120, or permission of instructor.

8505

Seminar: Higher Education Administration (3)

Staff

8525

College and University Curriculum (3)

Staff

 

Development, patterns, creative design, issues, problems, evaluation, and trends in the higher education curriculum.

8530

Leadership in Higher Education (3)

Staff

 

Cognitive leadership theory as articulated in higher education: what leadership is, how it works, how it is practiced, how it is considered by scholars and practitioners, and how it is researched.

8540

History of Higher Education (3)

Staff

 

History, philosophy, scope, purpose, present status, programs, and trends in higher education in the United States.

8560

Case Studies in Higher Education Administration (3)

Staff

 

An analysis of case studies related to administrative functions in colleges and universities.

8565

College and University Governance (3)

Staff

 

Organizational and administrative structures, patterns, and relationships in higher education.

8580

The Community/Junior College (3)

Staff

 

The two-year college as it relates to secondary education, four-year colleges, and universities. Objectives, curricula, students, faculty, legal concerns, and special problems of two-year colleges.

8582

Administration and Governance of Two-Year Colleges (3)

Staff

 

A study of the community/junior college, focusing on administrative and governance patterns and national, regional, state, and local influences, as well as the theory and structure of two-year college organization.

8585

Doctoral Internship in Higher Education Administration (3 to 6)

Staff

 

Service in a higher education situation directed by the University and the cooperating institution to integrate theory and practice. Admission by permission of instructor.

8594

Current Issues in Higher Education (3)

Staff

 

Analysis of contemporary issues in higher education practice and scholarship.

8998

Pre-Dissertation Seminar (3 to 6)

Staff

 

Required of all departmental Ed.D. degree candidates. Approval of the dissertation research proposal by the dissertation committee is necessary for successful completion of the seminar. Admission by permission of instructor.

8999

Dissertation Research (3 or 6)

Staff

 

Prerequisite: Educ 8998.

 

The George Washington University

© 2012 University Bulletin
The George Washington University All rights reserved.

Information in this bulletin is generally accurate as of fall 2011. The University reserves the right to change courses, programs, fees, and the academic calendar, or to make other changes deemed necessary or desirable, giving advance notice of change when possible.