Undergraduate

Undergraduate International Affairs Courses

Upper-level IAFF Special Topics Courses

  • IAFF 180: Special Topics in Security Policy
  • IAFF 181: Special Topics in Conflict Resolution
  • IAFF 182: Special Topics in Foreign Policy
  • IAFF 183: Special Topics in Development Policy
  • IAFF 185: Special Topics in European and Eurasian Studies
  • IAFF 186: Special Topics in Asian Studies
  • IAFF 187: Special Topics in Latin American and Hemispheric Studies
  • IAFF 188: Special Topics in Middle Eastern Studies
  • IAFF 189: Special Topics in African Studies
  • IAFF 190: Variable Topics
  • IAFF 191: Senior Seminar for Special Honors

IAFF 180 Course Descriptions

IAFF 180 National Security, Foreign & Intelligence Policy
The course will focus on the national security, foreign policy, and intelligence process that the US government goes through in the wake of a severe international crisis such as 9/11. The course will explore the ways in which 9/11 challenged the prevailing historical and cultural awareness of international affairs related to terrorism, tested the government's ability to assemble, by investigations and research, a common factual record of what happened, and prompted both the legislative and executive branches of government to undertake significant reforms. The course will look at: the background, context, and setting for the government and for the terrorist events of 9/11; the process by which the government investigations created a factual record of the 9/11 attack and recommended reforms; the ability of the US government, and specifically the intelligence community, to transform itself in appropriate ways to respond to this new global threat both before and after the attack; and, the effectiveness of the foreign policy, national security, and intelligence reform measures instituted and implemented post-9/11.
This course may be used in the following International Affairs group concentrations: Conflict & Security; International Politics

IAFF 180 Transnational Security Threats
The major aim of this course is to investigate the many transnational security threats found in the contemporary international system and to examine aspects of convergence and divergence. The course will also consider the sources and causes of these threats, the factors that accelerate them, and what can be done to address them. Three key questions to be dealt with in the course are "who is threatened?", "how are they threatened?", and "Why are they threatened?" The answers will required students to consider these transnational security threats form a wide range of levels of analysis; such as the international systems, regions, nation states, sub-groups, other organization actors, and individuals.
This course may be used in the following International Affairs group concentrations: Conflict & Security; International Politics

IAFF 180 Energy and Security
This course will cover the political economy, international politics and security issues of global energy, study the problems and challenges associated with the national and international investment flows as well as the exploration, development, trade and transport of these key resources, and examine their interrelationship and conflicts with other major foreign policy interests of the countries involved.
This course may be used in the following International Affairs group concentrations: Comparative Political, Economic & Social Systems; Conflict & Security; International Economics; International Environmental Resources; International Politics


IAFF 181 Course Descriptions

IAFF 181 Conflict & Conflict Resolution
This course provides students with an introduction to the field of conflict analysis and resolution as it relates to the "upper end" of the conflict spectrum, that is, inter-state disputes, contemporary civil wars, complex political emergencies and other forms of violent conflict. Specifically, it will introduce students to the major concepts and issues currently animating the field, explore the main strategies for responding to conflicts, and help them recognize and critique the assumptions upon which these strategies rest. At the end of the course students should be acquainted with the nature of conflict resolution as a distinct theoretical and applied field of study and have some understanding of current thinking about major approaches to war prevention, mitigation, settlement, and post-war reconstruction projects.

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IAFF 182 Course Descriptions

IAFF 182 Congress & Foreign Policy
This course will examine the constitutional underpinnings as well as the recent history of the role of the Congress in the making of American foreign policy. Case studies, as well as guest speakers, will help to clarify the relationship of the Congress and the Executive branch. Assignments will be policy-oriented. There will also be role-playing simulations."
This course may be used in the following International Affairs group concentrations: International Politics

IAFF 182 Film & Foreign Policy
This course will examine critical issues of foreign policy — and America's engagement with the world — through the lens of cinematography. The 2003 Academy Award winning documentary 'The Fog of War' — which examines lessons drawn from the life of former Defense Secretary Robert McNamara — will provide the conceptual framework for the course and the films that follow, including 'The Quiet American,' 'Charlie Wilson's War,' 'Black Hawk Down,' 'Hotel Rwanda,' 'Dr. Stangelove,' 'Paradise Now,' 'The Battle of Algiers' and 'No End in Sight.' These and other films, supplemented with assigned readings, will explore a range of issues relating to the nature and future direction of U.S. foreign policy, including how and why America goes to war, humanitarian intervention and genocide, the threat posed by nuclear weapons (during the Cold War and today), the mindset of terrorists and suicide bombers, and the nature of modern counter-insurgency, from the French in Algeria in the 1950s to the United States in Iraq today.
This course may be used in the following International Affairs group concentrations: Conflict & Security; International Politics

IAFF 182 Foreign Policy Decision Making
This course will explore the major psychological approaches used to explain foreign policy decision-making around the world. It will address attention to the influence of personality, images, analogies, beliefs, perceptions, cognitions, and groupthink, and consider how each of these factors may prompt choices for war, peace, and justice in classic and contemporary settings.
This course may be used in the following International Affairs group concentrations: Comparative Political, Economic & Social Systems; Conflict & Security; International Development Studies; International Economics; International Politics

IAFF 182 Terrorism & U.S. Foreign Policy
In light of the events of September 11, there is considerable interest in understanding the motivations and attitudes of terrorists, and also in understanding the historical and cultural roots of the fervent anti-Western attitudes that have seem to have taken root in so many nations. Additionally, and perhaps most importantly, there is a need to consider the possible and likely ramifications of the attack in terms of the future foreign policy of the United States. Toward this end, the course will examine various structural, cultural, and psychological variables that drive terrorists, and we will apply what we learn to our analysis of American grand strategy in a new and somewhat ill-defined "long war."
This course may be used in the following International Affairs group concentrations: Conflict & Security; International Politics

IAFF 182 President and Foreign Policy
This course may be used in the following International Affairs group concentrations: Conflict & Security; International Politics

IAFF 182 Case Studies in U.S. Foreign Policy
This course will examine some of the most important events in recent U.S. foreign policy with an emphasis on the light they shed on the key challenges that will confront the next administration. Our case studies will include the war in Afghanistan, U.S. missile defenses in Europe, NATO expansion, U.S.-China confrontations over Taiwan and the EP-3 incident, and the formulation of the U.S. defense budget. The course will pay particular attention to U.S. Government debates and internal differences during the decision-making process involved in these case studies.
This course may be used in the following International Affairs group concentrations: Conflict & Security; International Economics; International Politics

IAFF 182 President & Foreign Policy
This course considers the impact presidents have played in devising effective national security policies for the United States and how those policies have evolved and changed across the centuries. It will consider several distinctive eras (i.e., the founding period, the Civil War, the rise of the United States as a world power, the two world wars, the Cold War, and the American experience in Korea, Vietnam, the Persian Gulf, Afghanistan and elsewhere). Significant presidencies from those of Washington to Obama will be examined at length.

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IAFF 183 Course Descriptions

IAFF 183 Challenges of Globalization for Sustainable Development
This course examines the many challenges posed by different aspects of ongoing globalization for current approaches to poverty alleviation and sustainable development. We will examine a wide range of approaches, both academic and applied, and from a variety of points of view, including those from: government, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), transnational corporations, international aid efforts, human rights approaches, nation building efforts, and more. Most broadly we will pay particular attention to diverse relationships between "culture" and "development," as a crucially problematic if often ignored historical fault line of the development process since at least Bretton Woods. This course adopts a critical approach to the development project. It looks closely at the traditional development industry, both its strengths and limitations. It considers recent critiques of development, particularly approaches within the discipline of anthropology and from development practitioners. A fundamental course goal is to understand alternative emerging strategies for development within the changing context of economic globalization.
This course may be used in the following International Affairs group concentrations: Comparative Political, Economic & Social Systems; Contemporary Cultures & Societies; International Development Studies; International Economics; International Environmental Resources; International Politics

IAFF 183 Economic Development Policy
This course analyzes the economic circumstances and problems of low and middle-income economies. It reviews alternative theories of economic growth and development while examining specific issues which are central to the lives of almost five billion people in the developing world. In particular, the course is concerned with the role of public policy in fostering growth, preventing crises and reducing poverty and inequality. Prerequisites: introductory macro and microeconomics.
This course may be used in the following International Affairs group concentrations: Comparative Political, Economic, and Social Systems; Contemporary Cultures and Societies; International Development Studies; International Economics

IAFF 183 Human Trafficking
This course may be used in the following International Affairs group concentrations: Conflict and Security; Contemporary Cultures and Societies; Global Public Health; International Development Studies; International Politics

IAFF 183 International Human Rights Advocacy
International Human Rights Advocacy is structured around the different advocacy approaches to the problem of Human Rights taken by various actors (governments through bilateral/multilateral diplomacy, international organizations, nongovernmental organizations, legislatures, academics, and the general public (social movement aspects). It conveys key human rights issues: international standards, points of leverage/tools open to each actor, geo-political divisions on these issues, and the important though less explored links to other global issues like development, trade, security, post-conflict reconstruction, humanitarian assistance, law-enforcement, peace and so forth.
This course may be used in the following International Affairs group concentrations: Comparative Political, Economic & Social Systems; Conflict & Security; Contemporary Cultures & Societies; International Development Studies; International Economics; International Politics

IAFF 183 Poverty & Inequality in the Global Economy (Lecture Series)
This course analyzes the causes and consequences of inequality and poverty and policies to combat them. The topics will be presented by leading specialists in their field followed by a class discussion led by the instructor. It will meet once a week.
Prerequisites: introductory courses in microeconomics or macroeconomics.
This one-credit lecture series will count as elective credit. It will not satisfy any requirements.

IAFF 183 Security and Development
This course may be used in the following International Affairs group concentrations: Conflict & Security; International Development Studies; International Politics

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IAFF 185 Course Descriptions

IAFF 185 Modern Russia
This course may be used in the following International Affairs group concentrations: Comparative Political, Economic, and Social Systems; Conflict & Security; Contemporary Cultures and Societies; International Development Studies; International Politics; Europe and Eurasia

IAFF 185 Perspectives on Eurasian Security
This course examines the main foreign policy challenges facing the post-Soviet states since the breakup of the USSR. Can we speak of a "Eurasian space" as a distinct geopolitical region, or will the different parts of the post-Soviet region eventually be absorbed into neighboring European, Middle Eastern, South Asian and East Asian spaces? Of particular focus will be the emerging relationship between Russia and her immediate neighbors and Russia's rivals for influence among other post-Soviet states.
This course may be used in the following International Affairs group concentrations: Conflict & Security; International Politics; Asia; Europe; Middle East


IAFF 186 Course Descriptions

IAFF 186 Chinese Foreign Policy
This course may be used in the following International Affairs group concentrations: International Politics; Asia

186 International Relations of South Asia
This course may be used in the following International Affairs group concentrations: Conflict and Security; International Development Studies; International Politics; Asia

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IAFF 187 Course Descriptions

IAFF 187 Arc of Crisis in the Andes
A cross disciplinary course on the Andean countries of Bolivia, Ecuador and Peru including Colombia and Venezuela. Even though these Latin American countries have differences — in size, racial composition, and natural resources — they share similar socio-economic patterns in each historical period based on their colonial heritage and their integration into the world economy. These common socio-political stages of development are: pre-Hispanic civilizations, colonialism, caudillism, liberalism, populism, military dictatorships, and the contemporary democratic governments. This course will offer an overview of the historical periods, the underlying social forces, cultural trends and the influence of the hegemonic countries. After surveying the pre-Columbian civilizations of the Andes, and colonialism the class will focus on contemporary development from independence to the World War II. The inclusion of these countries in the world economy since the colonial times fostered the formation of outward oriented economies based on certain export commodities. The colonization of the Andean space was driven by silver mining. After the independence, other primary commodities followed, such as guano and sugar in Peru, cacao and coffee in Ecuador and Colombia, tin in Bolivia, and oil in Venezuela. The course will profile the outward-oriented ruling elites in the second half of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century and analyze the reaction in response to the ruling of the elites: indigenism and populism.
This course may be used in the following International Affairs group concentrations: Comparative Political, Economic, and Social Systems; Conflict & Security; International Development Studies; International Politics; Latin America.

IAFF 187 Latino Migration Changes
This course may be used in the following International Affairs group concentrations: Comparative Political, Economic, and Social Systems; Conflict & Security; Contemporary Cultures and Societies; International Development Studies; International Economics; International Politics; Latin America

187 Mexico Since Independence
The purpose of this course is to survey the economic, social, political and cultural development of Mexico in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, including economic development, poverty and inequality; social movements, rebellion and revolution; race, gender and ethnicity; U.S.-Mexico relations; and literary and intellectual movements. Students will be required to take two exams that cover lecture topics and are encouraged to pursue a variety of in-depth research topics, such as the role of the Catholic Church, narcotics trafficking, environmental issues, and labor issues.
This course may be used in the following International Affairs group concentrations: Contemporary Cultures & Societies; International Development Studies; International Politics; Latin America

IAFF 187 Venezuela & Pol. Econ. of Oil
In the world of petro-politics, Venezuela is a major player. In 2006, it was the third largest source of oil for the United States and the sixth largest net oil exporter in the world. Although touted as a model of democratization until the 1980s, Venezuela has been crippled by extreme poverty, great social inequality and rampant corruption. This situation formed the basis for the 1998 election of Hugo Chavez on the promise of massive social reforms, nationalization of strategic sectors, fighting corruption and a rupture with the long-ruling political elite. A major pillar of the Chavez administration has been to "sow the petroleum" — to use the country's vast oil resources to improve the lives of all Venezuelans, particularly the poor majority. But to what extent is oil a "resource curse" — the notion that an abundance of a natural resource like oil is detrimental for development? We will compare the Venezuelan experience and its oil policies to those of other oil exporting countries, like Mexico, Saudi Arabia and Nigeria. We will also discuss Cuba's influence on Venezuela, President Chavez's reach in Latin America, U.S.-Venezuela relations, and how future environmental challenges are likely to affect the world's oil economic structure.
This course may be used in the following International Affairs group concentrations: Conflict & Security; Contemporary Cultures & Societies; International Development Studies; International Economics; International Environmental Resources; International Politics; Latin America

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IAFF 188 Course Descriptions

IAFF 188 Gender and Politics in the Middle East
This class will examine the ways in which the social, political, and cultural roles of women influence politics in the Middle East. The use of public power and authority — politics — frequently institutionalizes gender roles, marginalizing women from the public arena. At other times, the use of public power and authority helps create new bases of cooperation. How have new roles emerged and what impact has this had on politics in the region?
This course may be used in the following International Affairs group concentrations: Comparative Political, Economic & Social Systems; Conflict & Security; International Politics; Middle East

IAFF 188 Politics and Cultures of the Middle East
Politics and Cultures of the Middle East is a multi-disciplinary course that introduces students to major political and cultural events and trends in this diverse and complex region. The first section focuses on historical developments of the past two centuries to contextualize many present realities. The second section is sociological, with emphasis on identity, kinship, faith, and communal development. Finally, the third section employs readings from political science to discuss the state, colonialism, nationalisms, modernization, and political change. In spite of its size, this class operates as a seminar and places considerable attention on the careful reading and creative interpretation of texts. Attendance is mandatory, and active participation in discussions means critical thinking and not simply textual summaries. This is an intense course with a heavy reading load, but for students truly interested in the region, the topics will be more than stimulating and outcome of the course rewarding. Students will read a significant amount of material on these issues and will be expected to write, present, and discuss intelligently to achieve a high grade.
This course may be used in the following International Affairs group concentrations: Comparative Political, Economic & Social Systems; Conflict & Security; Contemporary Cultures & Societies; International Development Studies; International Politics; Middle East

IAFF 188 Islam and its Challenges in 21st Century
This course aims to examine a variety of topics pertinent to basic knowledge of Islam and Islamic cultures. It will examine the complexities of the relationships between cultural entities and textual Islam in the making of the Muslim civilizations and their impact over the West in a historical context. Based on the foundation put forward, the course will attempt to bring a perspective to be used to tackle some of the social, cultural and political issues relating to the Muslim World. Underlying aim of the discussion will be addressing issues concerning global discourse vis a vis Islam, such as Islam's compatibility with democracy, secularism, human rights and women's rights in the Muslim societies. Overarching goal of this course is to address the proverbial question of clash of civilizations between the East and the West, namely Islam and Western Democracies.
This course may be used in the following International Affairs group concentrations: Comparative Political, Economic & Social Systems; Conflict & Security; Contemporary Cultures & Societies; International Politics; Middle East

IAFF 188 Israel-Palestinian Conflict
This course is a multi-faceted, in-depth examination of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. It discusses key issues in the conflict, presents different historical narratives, and examines the conflict from an interdisciplinary perspective. The course looks at the sources of the conflict and its dynamics over time, intertwining the analysis with relevant theories about conflict and conflict resolution. While we will discuss the role of the US and its policies in the region, our primary focus will be on looking at the conflict from the vantage point of Palestinians and Israelis living it. In addition to presentations by the professor, the course will include discussions and exercises, presentations by guest speakers, and a number of films.
This course may be used in the following International Affairs group concentrations: Conflict & Security; International Politics; Middle East

IAFF 188 Middle East Authoritarianism in Comparative Perspective
The Arab Middle East has weathered all waves of democratization during past decades. In spite of limited liberalization, regimes across the region remain, for the most part, entrenched in authoritarianism or comfortably semi-autocratic. This course will review and critically assess political culture and political economy explanations of authoritarianism in the Arab Middle East. It adopts a comparative historical-institutional approach in which the literature on authoritarianism, totalitarianism, interest representation, and corporatism are addressed. The history of post-colonial state formation in the region figures prominently in the course, as do contemporary case studies and discussions of transitions away from (and toward) authoritarianism. The class does not attempt to explain a negative dependent variable (i.e., lack of democracy) with a negative independent variable (e.g., lack of a democratic tradition); rather, it seeks to understand and explain authoritarianism for what it is by examining what sustains it. Topics such as the absence of a strong civil society and the weak organizational capacity of non-extremist opposition forces will be discussed in so far as the literature on transitions, or on democratic theory, have deemed them necessary, if not sufficient, pre-requisites for democratic change. In terms of reading and discussion, this is an intensive class whose combination of classical and contemporary theories and case studies will prepare students for further study of both the region and political change/stasis.
This course may be used in the following International Affairs group concentrations: Comparative Political, Economic & Social Systems; Conflict & Security; International Politics; Middle East

IAFF 188 Islam, Islamism, and the State
This course introduces students to the roots, realities, and divergent natures of the contemporary world's Islamist political movements. Students will critically examine the works of Muslim and non-Muslim scholars on the relationship between "mosque and state"; the raison d'etre for different types of political activities that employ (and sometimes exploit) the language and symbolism of Islam(s); and, relevant topics in the study of contemporary Islam and politics, including political legitimacy, "Islamic" states, transnational networks, the public sphere, development, and democratization. Balancing theory with case studies of Islamist movements in Muslim-majority countries, the course will consider a variety of interrelated phenomena, including political liberalization and the historical contexts in which a number of movements were birthed. Discussion and debate will encourage students to develop more a sophisticated understanding of various strands of politicized Islam. Students will read a significant amount of material on these issues - and will be expected to write, present, and discuss intelligently to achieve a high grade.
This course may be used in the following International Affairs group concentrations: Contemporary Cultures & Societies; Conflict & Security; International Politics; Middle East

IAFF 188 Arab Politics
Arab Politics asks talented upperclassmen to rethink many aspects of comparative politics of the region (and its neighbors) that they have perhaps previously viewed as static or dull. The course makes use of readings geared to certain special topics in the region's politics and will build on students' exposure to more rudimentary materials utilized in introductory politics and regional studies courses. Also, exposure to pressing questions and various theoretical approaches involved in the study of politics in the Arab Middle East will give students the ability to contextualize popular press and other materials related to the region. Topics may include: Colonialism and the State; Authority and Legitimacy; Community, Nationalism, and Identity; Authoritarianism, Democratization, and Hybridism; Political Economy of Development; Oil and Politics; Civil Society and Media; Religion and Political-Religious Movements; Urbanization, Planning, and Development; and the Politics of Middle Eastern Studies.
This course may be used in the following International Affairs group concentrations: Comparative Political, Economic & Social Systems; Conflict & Security; International Development Studies; International Politics; Middle East

IAFF 188 Political Islam
Political Islam covers the ideology of Islamic extremism and terrorism as well as the various mixtures of politics and religion driving the domestic and foreign policies of Muslim countries. This course will examine the historical, religious and political factors that define Political Islam, the political struggles between radicals and moderates within and among Muslim countries, the war on terror, the present day manifestations of the Sunni-Shia schism and the quest for a new role for Islam in Western Europe.
This course may be used in the following International Affairs group concentrations: Comparative Political, Economic & Social Systems; Conflict & Security; Contemporary Cultures & Societies; International Development Studies; International Politics; Middle East

IAFF 188 The Politics of Modern Iran
This course will address the political and social dynamics of contemporary Iran. After a brief review of Iran's modern history, we will discuss the roots of the Islamic revolution, religion and politics in post-revolutionary Iran, the Iran-Iraq war and its major consequences, and the rise and the decline of the reform movement. We will also tackle other critical issues such as gender, human rights, the youth bulge, ethnicity, and the media. We then move to an examination of Iran's economic, defence, and foreign policies. We will focus on Tehran's stance towards the peace process in the Middle East, its nuclear ambitions, and Iran's love-hate relationship with the United States.
This course may be used in the following International Affairs group concentrations: Conflict & Security; Contemporary Cultures & Societies; International Politics; Middle East

IAFF 188 US Policy in the Gulf
This course may be used in the following International Affairs group concentrations: Conflict & Security; International Politics; Middle East

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IAFF 189 Course Descriptions

IAFF 189 East African Security
The objective and goal of this course is to familiarize students with regional security issues of a particular part of Africa and to give an all round analysis of this very complex, volatile and turbulent region which is known as the Greater Horn of Africa. In so doing focus would be undertaken on the Sudan, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Uganda, Eritrea, and Djibouti.
This course may be used in the following International Affairs group concentrations: Conflict & Security; International Development Studies; International Politics; Africa

IAFF 189 Regional Security in West, Central, and Southern Africa
The objective and goal of the course is to familiarize students with regional security issues by focusing on the Western, Central and Southern regions of Africa. The states in the western, central or the southern regions of Africa are traditional societies. The power and influence of age old traditional leaders and their power bases and structure are still significant. This is being challenged by the new educated "elite". The forms of government (be it constitutional or authoritarian) and the foundations of government which are emerging in the wombs of the traditional values and institutions are not deep rooted.
This course may be used in the following International Affairs group concentrations: Conflict & Security; International Politics; Africa


IAFF 190 Course Descriptions

IAFF 190 Justice and the Legal System
This is a course about the distribution of federal power under the Constitution. We will read and analyze Supreme Court opinions on the sources and nature of legislative, executive, and judicial power and consider such doctrines as separation of powers and executive privilege. As an introduction to understanding Supreme Court cases, we will consider the organization of the American legal system including institutions, documents, and processes. As a case study in the realities of shared power, we will read the three recent Supreme Court cases (Hamdi v. Rumsfeld, Hamdan v. Rumsfeld, and Boumediene v. Bush) having to do with prisoners at Guantanamo Bay Detention Camp. In each of these cases, the President proposed legislation removing Constitutional protection from the prisoners, Congress wrote laws conforming to the President's request, and the Supreme Court rebuffed both the President and Congress.
This course may be used in the following International Affairs group concentrations: Conflict & Security; International Politics

IAFF 190 International Law
(Equivalent to PSC 144; Duplicate credit will not be awarded for taking both courses.)
This course will provide an overview of international law — what it is and how it is established, implemented, changed, and enforced. The course will examine the legal structure underpinning international society and how domestic law and domestic institutions are affected by, and affect, the international system. Through a study of case law and state practice, students will explore the genesis and development of international norms and legal principles related to important contemporary issues: armed conflict and the use of force, terrorism, counter-proliferation and arms control, the environment, human rights, and use of the air, sea and outer space.
This course may be used in the following International Affairs group concentrations: Comparative Political, Economic & Social Systems; Conflict & Security; Contemporary Cultures & Societies; International Development Studies; International Economics; International Environmental Resources; International Politics

IAFF 190 Obscure and Difficult Readings in International Affairs
The course has no description and it never will.
This course may be taken for elective credit only.

IAFF 190 Technology & International Affairs
This seminar course will cover the relationship between new technologies and international politics. Does the Internet help or hinder the spread of democracy worldwide? Why do states disagree on issues such as global warming? What consequences does technological change have for international security? We will debate these and other questions.
This course may be used in the following International Affairs group concentrations: Comparative Political, Economic & Social Systems; Conflict & Security; Contemporary Cultures & Societies; International Development Studies; International Politics

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