Professor of Sociology Specialization: Deviance, Soc. of Law, Theory The George Washington University 1986 - Present. Department Chair, 1986 - 1989.

Co-Director Institute on Crime, Justice, and Corrections The George Washington University Department of Sociology 1999 - Present.

Assistant and Associate Professor.  University of Washington,
Seattle, Washington, 1962 - 1966.

Associate Professor, Department of Sociology.  University of California, 
Santa Barbara, California, 1967 - 1974 (Acting Chair, 1968 - 1969).

Professor, Department of Sociology.  University of Delaware, Newark, 
Delaware, 1976 - 1986.

Honorary Professorial Fellow, Faculty of Law.  University College, 
Cardiff, Wales, 1976 - 1989.

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President, Society for the Study of Social Problems, 1992 - 1993.

President, American Society of Criminology, 1987 - 1988.

Consultant, National Criminal Justice Commission, 1993 - 1994.

Chair, Awards Policy Committee, American Sociological 
Association, 1987 - 1989.

Executive Board, American Society of Criminology, 1983 - 1986.

Chairperson, Criminology Section, American Sociological 
Association, 1981 - 1982.

Sociology of Law Research Committee, International Sociological 
Association, 1979.

Chair, American Sociological Association Roundtables, 1978.

Staff Sociologist, Task Force on Law and Law Enforcement, 
President's Commission on Violence, 1968 - 1969.

Executive Council, Pacific Sociological Association, 1968 - 1971.

Co-Director, Law Enforcement and Violence Section, President's 
Commission on Violence, 1967 - 1968.

Treasurer, Society for the Study of Social Problems, 1964 - 1965.

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Fullbright Research Fellowship, School of Law, 
University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia, 1989 - 1990.

Visiting Scholar, Columbia University, 1986 - 1987.

Visiting Professor, Institute for Advanced Studies, 
Vienna, Austria, 1983.

Visiting Professor, Faculty of Law, University College, 
Cardiff, Wales, 1979.

Visiting Distinguished Scholar, University of Missouri, 
Columbus, Summer 1978.

Visiting Professor, Institute of Criminology, University of 
Stockholm, Sweden, 1975 - 1976.

Visiting Professor, Institute of Criminology and Criminal Law, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway, 1974 - 1975.

Visiting Professor, Department of Sociology, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, England, 1970 - 1971.

Visiting Professor, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden, 
Winter, 1971.

Visiting Professor, School of Law, University of Wisconsin, 
Madison, Summer, 1971.

Visiting Rockefeller Professor of Sociology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, 1969 - 1970.

Visiting Professor, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1966 - 1967.

Russell Sage Foundation Resident in Law and Society, 
University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1966 - 1967.