Related Articles


All articles were written solely by Gordon Pask unless otherwise noted and are listed in chronological order.


"Automatic Teaching Techniques," British Communications and Electronics, 1957.


"A Teaching Machine for Radar Training," Automation Progress, April, 1957.


"Organic Control and the Cybernetic Method," Cybernetica, 1(3), 155-158.


"Eucrates," Proc. 2nd International Congress on Cybernetics, International Association for Cybernetics, 1958.


"Electronic Keyboard Teaching Machines," Jnl. Nat. Assoc. Education and Commerce, July, 1958. Reprinted in Teaching Machines and Programmed Learning, 1. Edited by Glaser, R. and Lumsdaine, A. A. National Education Association of the United States, 1960.


& Wiseman, D., "Electronic Teaching Machines," Control Engng, November, 1959.


"The Growth Process in the Cybernetic Machine," Proc. 2nd Congress Intl. Assoc. Cybernetics, Namur, 1958. Gauthier Villars, Paris, 1959, 765-794.


"Physical Analogue to the Growth of a concept," Mechanisation of Thought Processes, (Ed. A. M. Utley), HMSC, London, 1959, 877-922.


"The Teaching Machine as a Control Mechanism," Trans. Soc. Insir. Technol., 1960, 12(1), 72-89).


"Natural History of Networks," Self-Organizing Systems, C. N. R. and Armour Foundation Symposium, (Ed. Marshall Yovits and Scott Cameron), Pegamon Press, 1960.


& Von Foerster, H. "A predictive Model for Self-Organizing Systems," Part 1, Cybernetica, 3(4), 258-300; Part 2, Cybernetica, 4(1), 1960, 1961, 20-55.


"A Proposed Evolutionary Model," Principles of Self Organization, (Eds. H. Von Foerster and G. Zopf), Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1961, 229-254.


& Lewis, B. N. "An Adaptive Automaton for Teaching Small Groups," Perceptual and Motor Skills, 1962, 14, 183-188.


"Interaction Between a Group of Subjects and an Adaptive Automaton to Produce a Self-Organizing System for Decision Making," Self Organizing Systems, 1962 (Eds. M. C. Yovits, G. T. Jacobi, and G. D. Goldstein), Washington, Spartan Press, 1962.


"The Use of Analogy and Parable in Cybernetics with Emphasis upon Analogues for Learning and Creativity," Dialectica, 1963, 17, 167-202.


"Statistical Computation and Statistical Automata," Neure Hrgebnisse der Kybernetik, (Eds. Steinbuch, K. and Wagner, S. K.), Oldenbourg, 1963, 69-81.


"A Proposed Experimental Method for the Behavioural Sciences," Progress in Bio-Cybernetics, (Eds. N. Wiener and J. Schade), Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1964, 1, 171-180.


"Adaptive Teaching Machines," Teaching Macines, (Ed. K. Austwick). London, Pergamon Press, 1964, 79-112.


& Lewis, B. N., "The Development of Communication Skills under Adaptively Controlled Conditions," Programmed Learning, 1964, 2, 69-88.


"Tests for Some Features of a Cybernetic Model of Learning," Symposium on Cybernetic Problems in Psychology, Humboldt University, Berlin, D. D. R., 1964. Zeitschrift fur Psychologie, Bd. 171, Kybernitik Sonderband, 1965.


& Lewis, B. N., "The Theory and Practice of Adaptive Teaching Systems," Teaching Machines and Programmed Learning, 2, Data and Directions, (Ed. R. Glaser), Washington D. C., 1965, 213-266.


"Teaching as a Control-Engineering Process," Control, Jan., Feb., March, April, 1965.


"Comments on the Organisation of Men, Machines, and Concepts," Education for Information Science, (Ed. L. Heilprin), Spartan, New York, and McMillan, London, 1965, 133-150.


& Feldmann, R. J., "Tests for a Simple Learning and Perceiving Artifact," Cybernetica, 1966, 2, 75-90.


& Lewis, B. N., and Feldmann, H. J., Scientific Report, Contract AF61 - 052 - 640; European Office of Aerospace Research, U. S. A. F., 1966.


"Comments on the Cybernetics of Ethical, Psychological and Sociological Systems," Progress in Bio-Cybernetics, (Ed. J. P. Schade), Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1966, 3.


"Men, Machines, and the Control of Learning," Educational Technology, November, 1966, 6(22).


& Mallen, G. L., "The Method of Adaptively Controlled Psychological Learning Experiments," IFAC Symposium, Teddington, 1965, American Instrumentation Society. Reprinted in Theory of Self-Adaptive Control Systems, Plenum Press, 1966, 70-86.


"The Control of Learning in Small Subsystems of a Programmed Educational System," I. E. E. E. Transactions on Human Factors in Electronics, June, 1967, HFE 8(2), 88-93.


& Lewis, B. N., "The Adaptively Controlled Instruction of a Transformation Skill," Programmed Learning, April, 1967, 4, 74-86.


& Lewis, B. N., Mallen, G. L., and Robinson, M., Scientific Report, Contract AF61 (052) - 964, European Office of Aerospace Research, U. S. A. F., 1967.


"Man as a System the Needs to Learn," Automaton Theory and Learning System, (Ed. D. Stewart), London, Academic Press, 1967.


"A Cybernetic Model for Some Kinds of Learning and Mentation," Cybernetic Problems in Bionics, (Eds. H. C. Oestreicher and D. R. Moore), London, 1968, 531-585.


& Lewis, B. N., "The Use of a Null Point Method to Study the Acquisition of Simple and Complex Transformation Skills," Brit. J. Math. and Stat. Psychol., 1968, 21, 61-84.


"The Computer Simulated Development of Populations of Automata.", Math Biosciences, 1969, 4, 101-127.


"Interaction Between a Teaching Machine and the Students Attention Directing Systems," Proc. 2nd Int. Congress Applied Psychology, Swets and Zeitlinger, Amsterdam, 1969.


"Strategy, Competence and Conversation as Determinants of Learning," Programmed Learning, Oct., 1969, 250-267.


"Early Work on Learning and Teaching Systems," Survey of Cybernetics, (Ed. J. Rose), Iliffe, London, 1969, 163-186.


& Lewis, B. N., "The Self-Organisation of a Three Person Task Orinted Group in The Simulation of Human Behaviour," Proc. NATO Symp., Paris, 1967. Dunod, Paris, 1969, 291-311.


"Cognitive Systems," Cognitive Studies and Artificial Intelligence Research, (Ed. P. Gavin), Aldine Press, New York, 1969.


"Teaching Machines," Modern Trends in Education, Macmillan, New York, 1969.


"Adaptive Machines," Programmed Learning Research, (Eds. F. Breson and N. DeMontmallin), Dunod, Paris, 1969.


"Fundamental Aspects of Educational Technology, Illustrated by the Principles of Conversational Systems," in E. Scheepmaker (Ed.), Proceedings IFIP World Conference on Computer Education. Vol. 1, Invited Papers, Amsterdam, IFIP, 1970a, 1/29 to 1/52.


"Cognitive Systems," Cognition: A Multiple View, (Ed. L. Garvin), Spartan, New York, 1970b, 349-405.


"The Meaning of Cybernetics in the Behavioural Sciences," in J. Rose (Ed.), Process of Cybernetics, 1, Gordon and Breach, London, 15-45; reprinted in Cybernetica, 3, 1970, 140-159 and No. 4, 1970, 240-250; reprinted in Artogo Communications, 1970, 146-148.


"A Cybernetic Experimental Method and Its Underlying Philosophy," Int. J. Man-Machine Studies, 1971, 279-337.


"Interaction Between Individuals: Its Stability and Style," Math. Biosciences, 1971a, 11, 59-84.


& Scott, B. C. E., "Learning and Teaching Strategies in a Transformation Skill," Brit. J. Math. and Stat. Psychology, 1971, 24, 205-229.


"Anti-Hodmanship: A Report on the State and Prospects of CAI," Programmed Learning and Educational Technology, 1972, 9(5), 235-244.


& Scott, B. C. E., "Learning Strategies and Individual Competence," Int. J. Man-Machine Studies, 1972, 4, 217-253.


"Models for Social Systems and for their Languages," Instructional Science, 1973, 1(4), 395-445.


& Scott, B. C. E., "CASTE: A System for Exhibiting Learning Strategies and Regulating Uncertainties," Int. J. Man-Machine Studies, 1973, 5, 17-52.


& Scott B. C. E., and Gough, C., "Educational Methods Using Information about Individual Styles and Strategies of Learning," Interim Report, SSRC Project HR 1424/1, System Research Ltd., 1973.


"Cybernetic Theory of Cognition and Learning." Journal of Cybernetics, 1975, 5(1), 1-90.


"The Representation of Knowables," Int. J. Man-Machine Studies, 1975, 7, 15-134.


This page was last updated on July 11, 1996, by Rob Sable.