i) The notion of information is in fact a cognitive notion that refers to the observer's uncertainty with respect to the system, situation or phenomenon under consideration, not a notion that refers to a physical magnitude, even though the mathematical expression of its measure is formally similar to the expression of entropy.

ii) Since in order to charcterize a system in informational terms one must know the system completely, doing so with an already known system is to make a trivially redundant description, and doing so with an incompletely known system as if it were known is a mistake. If, on the contrary, one attempts to design a system, the use of informatino concepts to assess the domain of its possible states is a non-trivial affair.

iii) Due to his cognitive operation, an observer frequently attaches semantic value to the biological phenomena considered by him as if this semantic value participated as a component in the mechanism of their realization, which cannot be the case because meaning is a contextual relation. The notion of information does not apply as a characterization of the operation of the nervous system. (CS 458)