1) by interacting with it in a manner such that the behaviors of the two organisms are directed to the interaction but each oriented from his own perspective, i.e. courtship. A chain or interlocked behavior can thus be produced between the two organisms;

2) by orienting the behavior of the other organism to some part of his domain of interactions different from the present interaction itself, but comparable to the orientation of the orienting organism. This can take place only if the domains of interactions of the two organisms are widely coincident; in this case no interlocked chain of behavior is elicited because the subsequent conduct of the two organisms depends on the outcome of independent, though parallel, interactions.

In the first case it can be said that the two organisms interact, in the decond case they may communicate. The second case is the basis for any linguistic behavior; the fisrt organism generates (as is apparent to the observer) a communicable implicit description of the common niche by a behavior that orients the other organism within his domain of interactions, and elicits in it a conduct that the first could also have had but which is relevant independently of him. (NC 16)