YALE LAW SCHOOL
                         P.O. Box 208215
                New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8215


JAY KATZ
Elizabeth K. Dollard Professor Emeritus
of Law, Medicine, and Psychiatry

Harvey L. Kar Professorial Lecturer
in Law and Psychoanalysis

203  432 4958
203 432 8260 FAX                                    June 16, 1994


To:       Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments

From:     Jay Katz

     As background materials for my comments on the history of
research regulations, consider skimming the following articles (in
this order if you are pressed for time):

     1.   The Consent Principle of the Nuremberg Code: Its
Significance Then and Now.  (The title says it all.)

     2.   Informed Consent - Must It Remain A Fairy Tale?  Since
the informed consent requirements for human experimentation are an
offshoot of the informed consent doctrine for therapeutic settings,
it might be helpful to have some idea about where informed consent
came from and its present status.

     3.   "Ethics and Clinical Research" Revisited - A Tribute to
Henry K. Beecher.  This article provides some more information
about the contemporary beginnings of the ethics of human
experimentation.

     Historical accounts, as you well know, are always a mix of
objective and subjective impressions.  I can only give you my
version of this history.


           The Consent Principle of the Nuremberg Code:
                  Its Significance Then and Now


         Informed Consent - Must It Remain a Fairy Tale?


            "Ethics and Clinical Research" Revisited.
                  A Tribute to Henry K. Beecher